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Human Beings experience life in different perspectives. At the most basic level are the physical senses that tell us if we are hot or cold, hungry, tired, or in pain. These senses communicate the physical world to us for the purpose of physical survival. However, the world is more to sentient beings than what can be immediately sensed. A Human can imagine anything, but only those things that reflect reality are useful. As such, the senses form the foundation of survival.
Knowledge is the information we gather about reality. Such is knowledge, that it liberates us from the tyranny of automatically reacting to instinctively fill our immediate physical needs. With knowledge, one can store up a surplus for hard times, or recognize the signs of danger before the danger is apparent. Thus it is that knowledge is the source of wealth.
Intellect allows us to imagine what it would be like to be someone else, and so act according to a standard by which we wish to be treated in return. It allows the pursuit of as yet unseen knowledge to broaden the range in which the human mind may wander. Intellect opens up new and unexplored realms, and thus it is the source of freedom and liberty.
Conscience is our ability to care about the well being of others. It is what drives us to share our wealth and knowledge, and to desire a better world for others. The greatest happiness is not in sensual pleasures, nor is it in wealth, nor is it in knowing. Rather happiness is the result of altruism and knowing that right has been done, or the best effort has been made. Happiness is a clear conscience. Thus it is that the conscience is the source of happiness.
At a social level, there are rules designed to protect the interests of the group and its leaders. Such rules are based on the values held by the body of influence that chooses these rules. Values lie at the very core of all asserted rules and codes. If the values of the leaders and the followers are discordant, it is natural that there will be conflicts between the two. This is why value assessments are imperative when assessing the leadership qualities of any individual or the social viability of any group. There are a number of major value systems.
Basis
System
Value
Goal
Product
Survivalism
Life
To survive
Fear
Mammonism
Wealth
To be rich
Greed
Cognism
Knowledge
To be right
Anger, Intolerance
Intellectualism
Freedom
To be free
Peace, Tolerance
Liberalism
Justice
To be just
Happiness
Humanitarianism
Love
To contribute
Courage
Survivalism or absolutism is where the only value is survival. All who are dead are condemned and all who live are amongst the select; the saved. No conditions are unacceptable, no number of deaths too many, as long as the individual using this value system survives. Here the followers exist to keep the leaders alive. This normally does not work in a group, however. Those tyrants who have exercised absolute power over life and death without any system of application could be described this way.
Mammonism is where values are based on the material wealth "of this world" and material wealth is the sure sign of salvation; the "reward f God". Here, the followers exist to make the leaders rich. Such is the esteem of material things that where interpretation is made of scripture, the material interpretation is always presented except where inconvenient.
Cognism is where knowledge is the basis of all values. The game is in knowing more, and superior knowledge is the sure sign of salvation. Here the followers exist to confirm the leader's knowledge, and to reinforce the leader’s esteem. Often such a system is hampered by prejudice in favour of the system of knowledge in the leader’s field of expertise. Here, the interpretation of scripture is based around and limited to the leader’s field of expertise and the system of knowledge contained therein.
Liberalism is where clarity of conscience forms the basis of all values. The opinions of others, particularly those in authority, are irrelevant in the bright light afforded by clarity of conscience. Happiness and contentment now belong to the individual, and are not to be doled out by those in authority. Justice and fair play are the goal of this value system whose regard for external judgment is non-existent.
Humanitarianism is where the good of others forms the basis of all values. Statements taken from the New Testament and severally from `Abdu'l-Baha to the effect that, "God is love" strongly reflect the role of Humanitarianism in defining the context of religion. The individual, now going beyond the requirements of a clear conscience, has nothing to fear from any quarter.
These value systems are divided into two major groups: Materialism and Spiritualism. The three aspects of Materialism and of Spiritualism are emphases made on the basis of psychological bias. They are not value systems unto themselves, but are the broad psychological interpretation that is naturally favoured by the psyche as applied to Materialism or Spiritualism. So what value systems are right for humanity? To determine this, we must ascertain a sense of direction, purpose, or context with which, to constrain our answer.